Two or more electrochemical cells enclosed in a container and electrically interconnected in an appropriate series/parallel arrangement to provide the required operating voltage and current levels.

Under common usage, the term "battery" also applies to a single cell if it constitutes the entire electrochemical storage system.

A device that uses chemical changes to generate an electric current.

1. A device that generates electric power through chemical reactions.
2. A direct-current voltage source consisting of two o more electrochemical cells connected in a series or parallels to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

A battery cell contains a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolyte held between the electrodes, and a container or housing.

In contrast to the alternating current available in homes, businesses, cities, etc. from the electric utility companies, batteries deliver a direct current that always flows in one direction.

Colloquially, the term battery is often used in place of the more proper term cell. The common 1.5 volt flashlight batter is actually a single cell.

The total maximum charge, expressed in ampere-hours, that can be withdrawn from a cell or battery under a specific set of operating conditions including discharge rate, temperature, initial state of charge, age, and cut-off voltage.

The maximum total electrical charge, expressed in ampere-hours, which a battery can deliver to a load under a specific set of conditions.

The simplest operating unit in a storage battery.

It consists of one or more positive electrodes or plates, an electrolyte that permits ionic conduction, one or more negative electrodes or plates, separators between plates of opposite polarity, and a container for all the above.

The number of cycles, to a specified depth of discharge, that a cell or battery can undergo before failing to meet its specified capacity or efficiency performance criteria.

The total energy available, expressed in watt-hours (kilowatt-hours), which can be withdrawn from a fully charged cell or battery.

The energy capacity of a given cell varies with temperature, rate, age, and cut-off voltage. This term is more common to system designers than it is to the battery industry where capacity usually refers to ampere-hours.

Energy storage using electrochemical batteries.

The three main applications for battery energy storage systems include spinning reserve at generating stations, load leveling at substations, and peak shaving on the customer side of the meter.

The period during which a cell or battery is capable of operating above a specified capacity or efficiency performance level.

Life may be measured in cycles and/or years, depending on the type of service for which the cell or battery is intended.

A battery having an immobilized electrolyte (gelled or absorbed in a material).

A battery with large plates that can withstand many discharges to a low state-of-charge.

Lead-acid battery in which the electrolyte is composed of a silica gel matrix.

A general category that includes batteries with plates made of pure lead, lead-antimony, or lead-calcium immersed in an acid electrolyte.

A battery containing a liquid solution of acid and water.

Distilled water may be added to these batteries to replenish the electrolyte as necessary. Also called a flooded battery because the plates are covered with the electrolyte.

A battery that uses lithium metallic oxide in its positive electrode and a carbon material in its negative electrode.

A sealed battery to which water cannot be added to maintain electrolyte level.

A battery containing nickel and cadmium plates and an alkaline electrolyte.

A battery whose initial capacity cannot be restored by charging.

The term used by battery manufacturers to indicate the maximum amount of energy that can be withdrawn from a battery under specified discharge rate and temperature.

Also see battery capacity.

A battery with a captive electrolyte and a resealing vent cap, also called a "valve-regulated battery". An electrolyte cannot be added.

Any battery that can be recharged; that is, one which can receive an additional charge after its primary one.

A battery with small plates that cannot withstand many discharges to a low state-of-charge.

A device capable of transforming energy from electric to chemical form and vice versa.

The reactions are almost completely reversible. During discharge, chemical energy is converted to electric energy and is consumed in an external circuit or apparatus.