The process of adding electrical energy to a battery.

A formal allegation filed against a defendant in which one or more crimes are presented.

A free and mobile conduction electron or hole in a semiconductor.

A component of a photovoltaic system that controls the flow of current to and from the battery to protect it from over-charge and over-discharge.

The charge controller may also indicate the system operational status.

A number representing the time in hours during which a battery can be charged at a constant current without damage to the battery.

Usually expressed in relation to the total battery capacity; for example, C/5 indicates a charge factor of 5 hours. Related to charge rate.

The current applied to a cell or battery to restore its available capacity.

This rate is commonly normalized by a charge control device with respect to the rated capacity of the cell or battery.

A negotiation process between prosecutors and defense attorneys involving dismissal of one or more charges against defendants in exchange for a guilty plea to the remaining charges, or in which the prosecutor downgrades the charges in return for a plea of guilty.

1. A means of converting the electromagnetic energy of photons of a particular wavelength into a digital video signal which can be displayed on a television screen.
2. A device for forming images electronically, using a layer of silicon that releases electrons when struck by incoming light.

The electrons are stored in pixels and read off into a computer at the end of the exposure. CCD's have now almost entirely replaced photographic film for applications: such as, astrophotography where extreme sensitivity to light is so important.

Since the mid-1970's, a new type of detector called the charge-coupled device has gained popularity in astronomy.

The CCD is an electronic detector that replaces photographic plates or film.

It converts light into a electric charge, which is used to form images on a computer screen.

The charge-coupled device was developed as a replacement for television camera tubes and is commonly used in today's camcorders.

Modern astronomical CCD's are much larger, with as many as 16 million separate detectors, or pixels.

Because they are far more sensitive to light, charge-coupled devices produce better pictures than traditional photographic methods and astronomers can see extremely faint galaxies in almost any part of the sky.

The process of mixing the electrolyte in batteries by periodically overcharging the batteries for a short time.

A continuation of normal battery charging, at a voltage level slightly higher than the normal end-of-charge voltage, in order to provide cell equalization within a battery.

The voltage required to counteract the self-discharge of the battery at a certain temperature.

The available capacity remaining in the battery, expressed as a percentage of the rated capacity.

A charge at a low rate, balancing through self-discharge losses, to maintain a cell or battery in a fully charged condition.