The science and technology of producing metals: Metallurgy includes extraction, alloying, and hardening.

Metallurgy is the study and science of extracting and refining metals from their ores and shaping them into useful products.

Metallurgy is One of the World's Oldest Arts

• Iron samples have been discovered dating back to 4000 B.C.
• The art of iron making was well known to the ancient Egyptians by the time of Ramses II (1290-1223 B.C.).
• Most of the advances before the fifteenth century in the field of metallurgy were introduced to Europeans by Arab craftsmen.
• Once established in Europe, metallurgy, specifically iron production, suddenly expanded and iron became essential at the time of the Industrial Revolution.
• The invention of the Bessemer process in 1856, by British engineer Henry Bessemer, made steel affordable and led to the nonstop production of steel-related products.
• Products such as planes, trains, automobiles, and machines of every kind all require the use of an art and basic technology that started almost 6,000 years ago.

A process by which raw metals are made into alloys and useful products: David's son works for a company that produces various products with fabrication metallurgies, such as wires, cooking pots and pans, filing cabinets, metal shelves, tools, etc.

The properties of metals and their applications: Physical metallurgy is one branch of metallurgy that involves the physical components and structure of metals.

The adaptation of metals for everyday use is an important aspect of physical metallurgy

Physical metallurgy is concerned with the ways metals and alloys are worked mechanically, their heat treatment, and their testing.

Physical metallurgy begins with the dressing of ore, using physical methods; such as, crushing, grinding, and separation by gravity to separate the various minerals that are found in a specific ore.