Symbiosis in which members of one species exist at the expense of members of another species, usually without going so far as to cause their deaths.

The relation in which a socially parasitic species spends the entire life cycle in the nests of its host species.

Workers are either lacking or, if present, scarce and degenerate in behavior. This condition is sometimes referred to loosely as permanent parasitism.

Parasitism in which a queen of one species enters an alien nest, usually belonging to another species, kills or renders the resident queen infertile, and takes her place.

The population of the colony then becomes increasingly dominated by the offspring of the parasite queen as the host workers die from natural causes.

The intrusion of one species into the social system of another (as, for example, by utilization of the trail system) in order to steal food.