Organization that hires federal probation officers to supervise federal offenders: The Administrative Office of United States Courts also supervises pretrial divertees.

Probation officers prepare pre-sentence investigation reports about offenders at the request of a district judge.

A prosecutor who serves under another prosecutor in local or state jurisdictions; government prosecutor: Sam read in the article about an assistant state's attorney who worked as an associate and colleague with the prosecuting attorney of the state he lived in.

An independent and sovereign city and its surrounding tributary territories: City-states are most typically used in referring to specific political entities of ancient Greece and Mesopotamia.