The amount of electromotive force, measured in volts, that exists between two points.

The voltage(s) at which a charge controller will take action to protect the batteries.

The voltage produced by a photovoltaic array when exposed to sunlight and connected to a load.

The voltage levels (activation) at which the charge controller disconnects the photovoltaic array from the battery or the load from the battery.

The voltage at which a charge controller will disconnect the photovoltaic array from the batteries to prevent overcharging.

The voltage difference between the high voltage disconnect set point and the voltage at which the full photovoltaic array current will be reapplied.

This is determined by the total power required by the alternating current loads and the voltage of any direct current loads.

Generally, the larger the load, the higher the inverter input voltage. This keeps the current at levels where switches and other components are readily available.

The voltage level at which a charge controller will disconnect the load from the battery.

The voltage at which a charge controller will disconnect the load from the batteries to prevent over-discharging.

The voltage difference between the low voltage disconnect set point and the voltage at which the load will be reconnected.

A warning buzzer or light that indicates the low battery voltage set point has been reached.

A reference voltage used to describe batteries, modules, or systems (such as, a 12-volt or 24-volt battery, module, or system).

The maximum possible voltage across a photovoltaic cell; the voltage across the cell in sunlight when no current is flowing.

The voltage developed across a cell by the current flow through the resistance of the cell.

The photovoltaic array output voltage under load.

The system operating voltage is dependent on the load or batteries connected to the output terminals.

The voltage at which maximum power is available from a photovoltaic module.

Many inverters have sensing circuits that will disconnect the unit from the battery if input voltage limits are exceeded.

This indicates the variability in the output voltage.

Some loads will not tolerate voltage variations greater than a few percent.