The biological mechanisms by which organic matter is relatively rapidly transported from near-surface waters to the deep ocean; such as, through the grazing and defecation of fast-sinking fecal pellets by copepods (defined in this unit) and larger organisms, and the vertical migration of near-surface feeders to mesopelagic depths.

A heat apparatus or pump in which the refrigerant exchanges heat (in a heat exchanger): A geothermal heat pump uses a fluid circulating through an earth-connection medium (ground or ground water).

The fluid is contained in a variety of loops (pipe) configurations depending on the temperature of the ground and the ground area available.

Loops may be installed horizontally or vertically in the ground or submersed in a body of water.