Philosophical Conceptions

1. The study of reasoning; in Hegel, the study of the origin and natural sequence of fundamental ideas.
2. The branch of philosophy dealing with the principles of reasoning.

Classical logic, as taught in ancient Greece and Rome, systematized rules for deduction.

The modern scientific and philosophical logic of deduction has become closely allied to mathematics; especially, in showing how the foundations of mathematics are incorporated in logic.

The doctrine that matter is the only reality.

The doctrine that all events and all thoughts occur according to the laws of mechanics.

The inquiry into the ultimate and fundamental reality.

In Spinoza, a particular thing, form, event, or idea.

The doctrine that all reality comes under the "laws of Nature".

A mental disturbance or disease.

In Hindu theory, a condition of happiness arising out of the absolute cessation of desire.

In Kant, the ultimate reality, or Thing-in-Itself, which can be conceived by thought, but cannot be perceived in experience.

Independent of a perceiving individual; in Spinoza, as existing in thought.

A study of the ultimate nature of things.

Te doctrine that God is immanent in all things.

A fondness or love for wisdom that leads to searches for it; hence, seeking a knowledge of the general principles of elements, powers, examples, and laws that are supported by facts and the existence of rational explanations about practical wisdom and knowledge.

The doctrine that the world is not a unit in law and structure, but the scene of contrary forces and processes.

The worship of many gods.