Philosophical Conceptions

(a science that attempts to discover the fundamental principles of the sciences, the arts, and the world that the sciences and arts influence)

logic
1. The study of reasoning; in Hegel, the study of the origin and natural sequence of fundamental ideas.
2. The branch of philosophy dealing with the principles of reasoning.

Classical logic, as taught in ancient Greece and Rome, systematized rules for deduction.

The modern scientific and philosophical logic of deduction has become closely allied to mathematics; especially, in showing how the foundations of mathematics are incorporated in logic.

materialism
The doctrine that matter is the only reality.
mechanism
The doctrine that all events and all thoughts occur according to the laws of mechanics.
metaphysics
The inquiry into the ultimate and fundamental reality.
mode
In Spinoza, a particular thing, form, event, or idea.
naturalism
The doctrine that all reality comes under the "laws of Nature".
neurosis
A mental disturbance or disease.
nirvana
In Hindu theory, a condition of happiness arising out of the absolute cessation of desire.
noumenon
In Kant, the ultimate reality, or Thing-in-Itself, which can be conceived by thought, but cannot be perceived in experience.
objective
Independent of a perceiving individual; in Spinoza, as existing in thought.
ontology
A study of the ultimate nature of things.
pantheism
Te doctrine that God is immanent in all things.
philosophy (s), philosophies (pl)
A fondness or love for wisdom that leads to searches for it; hence, seeking a knowledge of the general principles of elements, powers, examples, and laws that are supported by facts and the existence of rational explanations about practical wisdom and knowledge.
pluralism
The doctrine that the world is not a unit in law and structure, but the scene of contrary forces and processes.
polytheism
The worship of many gods.