English Words in Action, Group S +

But the seventh day is the sabbath (day of rest, day of worship) of the Lord thy God.

Except when directly quoting the Bible, in which Sabbath is spelled with a lower-case s (sabbath), it should be spelled with an upper-case S (Sabbath) in accordance with universal custom.

The Sabbath falls on Sunday among all christian sects except the Seventh-Day Adventists when it falls on Saturday as also with Jews and on Friday among Muslims.

The etymology of the word Sabbath

Sabbath comes from Hebrew shabbath, "rest", the seventh day of the week, appointed in the Ten Commandments as a day of rest and worship to be observed by the Jews ("Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy"), which is now Saturday; therefore, in subsequent Christian usage, the "Lord's Day", as observed by Christians is on Sunday.

The same Hebrew word has presented sabbatical, referring to the seventh year during which ancient Jews were required to refrain from tilling the soil (working on their farms) in order to "rest"; from which we get our modern term sabbatical, a year's vacation awarded to teachers in some educational institutions every seventh year.

1. The enemy agent was arrested on charges of sabotage (malicious destruction or disruption).
2. Enemy agents sabotaged (disabled, destroyed) the nation's arms factory.

1. Noun: Give me a sack (bag) of potatoes.
2. Noun: Each scout had a hiker's sack (knapsack).
3. Verb: I was hired one summer to sack (pack, bag) grain. 4. Verb: The invaders sacked (robbed, plundered, looted) the village.

1. It's silly (foolhardy) to drive without fastening your seat belt.
2. He's a vain, silly (senseless, foolish) creature.
3. That silly (ridiculous, farcical) joke made everyone laugh.

Word origin: Silly is a spelling variant of an earlier adjective seely, which has long roots in the Germanic languages.

Its basic sense was "blessed, fortunate", and the meaning of the German selig still has that meaning. The earliest thirteenth-century meanings of seely were "happy, fortunate", "spiritually blessed", and "pious, holy, good".

From these beginnings, it began to be used in the sense of "blameless, innocent", which was often used to express sympathy for those who suffered undeservedly. Those who were innocent victims can also be thought of as deserving pity, and seely was used this way, too: "pitiable, helpless, defenseless".

Silly has undergone considerable sense development from the original meaning of "happy". The sense of "innocent" is first recorded probably about 1200, that of "weak" about 1300, and that of "unfortunate, pitiable", about 1280.

From these senses developed the meanings of "simple, rustic, ignorant", which was first recorded before 1547, and the concept of "lacking in reason" or "sense, foolish", was recorded in 1576.

1. To induce someone secretly to do or to commit an unlawful or evil act.
2. To encourage or to commit perjury; also, to obtain (perjured testimony) from a witness.
3. To bribe or to induce (someone) unlawfully or secretly to perform some misdeed or to commit a crime.
4. Etymology: "to procure by bribery, to lure (someone) to commit a crime"; from Middle French, suborner, from Latin subornare, "suborn"; originally, "to equip", from sub, "under, secretly" + ornare "to equip".

1. A surge (rush) of impatient shoppers poured into the store.
2. Bookstores report a surge (swelling, increase) of interest in astronomy this year.

Surge comes from Latin surgere, "to rise".

The same Latin verb gives us insurgent, "one who rises up against authority" and resurrection, "a rising again".

As Philippines' population surges, the space for learning vanishes

With a country whose population of 92 million is exploding so fast, and whose education budget is so small, that it cannot find space to teach its children, many classes have 100 pupils in them.

The surge is a result of more children coming into the public schools as the economy tightens and families cannot afford the advantages of private schools, with their smaller classes.

The shortage of toilets have also become a problem; particularly when some lavatories have been converted into "claustrophobic faculty lounges, while the lounges have been put to use as classrooms".